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Build vs. Buy vs. Partner for AI

The build vs. buy decision is wrong the moment it becomes a binary. For AI capabilities, there are three real options — build (own the model and infrastructure), buy (purchase a solution from a vendor), and partner (integrate an API or model where your application layer is still yours). Each involves a fundamentally different long-term position. This skill structures the decision systematically and produces a recommendation with a clear rationale.

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Context

What the options actually mean in AI:
OptionWhat you ownWhat you payWhen it makes sense
BuildEverything — data, model, infrastructure, iterationHigh upfront engineering cost; years of ML talentYou have a unique data moat; the capability is core to your product differentiation
BuyNothing — you use a vendor's end-to-end solutionLicense fees, vendor lock-in, limited customisationThe capability is not differentiating; speed matters more than control
Partner (API)The application layer — UX, product logic, prompt strategyPer-token or per-call costs; dependency on provider reliabilityThe model layer is commodity; you differentiate above it
The most common mistake: Treating "use an AI API" as "build" because engineering is involved. Using OpenAI's API is a Partner decision, not a Build decision.

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Step 1 — Define the capability

Ask:

  • What AI capability is being evaluated?
  • Who are the end users?
  • What is the expected usage volume?
  • What data does this capability need?
  • What is the stakes level?
  • What is the timeline?
  • Step 2 — Score the decision criteria

    Score each criterion 1–3 for Build, Buy, and Partner: differentiation requirement, data advantage, speed to market, customisation required, cost at scale, engineering capacity, vendor risk tolerance, and compliance/data privacy.

    Step 3 — Apply the decision framework

    Check scorecard results against strong Build, Partner, and Buy signals with red flags for each option.

    Step 4 — Run the total cost of ownership comparison

    3-year TCO for all three options including switching costs.

    Step 5 — Define the exit strategy

    Every AI capability decision must have an exit strategy built in from the start.

    Step 6 — Output the build vs. buy recommendation

    Quality check before delivering

    All three options are evaluated
    TCO covers 3 years — not just year 1
    Data advantage question is answered explicitly
    Exit strategy is defined
    Decision review date is set
    Engineering capacity is honestly assessed
    Suggested next step: Before finalising, stress-test the partner option with a one-week proof of concept. A week of testing is cheaper than 6 months of building the wrong thing.